Our teeth are remarkably resilient, yet they are not invincible. Teeth grinding, chewing on hard foods, or sudden accidents can cause a cracked tooth. It’s a common issue faced by many Australians and one that can result in pain and discomfort if left untreated. This comprehensive guide will explore cracked tooth treatment and how prompt, professional dental attention can save the day.
Understanding the Cracked Tooth Phenomenon
Our teeth are covered by a hard, protective layer known as tooth enamel. It is considered the hardest tissue in the human body. Beneath the enamel is a softer layer known as dentin, which surrounds the dental pulp – the soft tissue within the tooth containing blood vessels and nerves. A crack can occur on the surface enamel, penetrate into the dentin, or even extend to the dental pulp.
There are different types of tooth cracks, each requiring a unique treatment strategy. These include the craze line (tiny crack on the enamel), fractured cusp (a break in the chewing surface of the tooth), split tooth (the tooth split into two separate parts), and vertical root fracture (which begins in the root and extends towards the chewing surface).
Cracked Tooth Diagnosis and Symptoms
Cracked Tooth Diagnosis and SymptomsCracked tooth symptoms can vary, making diagnosis a challenge at times. Some people experience sharp pain when chewing or biting, while others notice sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods. The gum around the affected tooth may also swell.
A dentist usually starts the diagnosis process by thoroughly reviewing your dental history and symptoms. Visual examination, often with the aid of a magnifying glass, is typically the first step. The dentist may use a dental explorer (a pointed tool) to feel for the crack or a dental dye to make it more visible.
Cracked Tooth Treatment: What Are Your Options?
The treatment for a cracked tooth depends largely on the crack’s type, location, and extent. It also factors in whether the crack extends below the gum line, as this can make treatment more challenging.
For minor cracks such as craze lines, which only affect the enamel, cosmetic contouring or polishing the area can smooth out the crack. No further treatment is usually necessary.
For a fractured cusp, where a piece of the tooth’s chewing surface has broken off, a dental crown (a porcelain or ceramic cap that fits over the natural tooth) is often the solution. This defends and strengthens the remaining tooth structure, restoring its natural function and aesthetics.
A cracked tooth, where a crack extends from the chewing surface towards the root, can be a more complex issue. A dental crown may be sufficient if the crack has not yet reached the pulp. However, root canal treatment may be required if the pulp is affected. This involves the removal of the damaged pulp, root canal cleaning and shaping, and then using the plastic resin filling.
Vertical root fractures, or cracks that begin in the tooth’s root and extend upward, are often the most challenging to treat. Endodontic surgery can often repair the tooth if the crack is small and limited to the root.
However, tooth extraction may be the only treatment option if the crack extends below the gum line. It’s essential to consult with your dentist to discuss potential treatment plans, including tooth replacement options like an implant or bridge.
Preventing Tooth Cracks
Prevention is always better than a cure. There are several measures you can take to protect your teeth from cracks:
- Avoid biting hard foods, such as unpopped popcorn kernels or ice, which can cause your teeth to crack.
- If you grind your teeth while sleeping, consider wearing a nightguard.
- Wear a mouthguard when partaking contact sports to prevent dental injuries.
Why Early Treatment Matters
Early treatment is crucial to prevent the crack from extending and causing further damage, including potential tooth loss. If you’re experiencing any signs of a cracked tooth, such as sharp pain or sensitivity, scheduling an appointment with your dentist as soon as possible is important. In addition, regular dental check-ups can help detect hairline cracks before they develop into more serious issues.
Deeper Understanding of Dental Cracks
To further explore the realm of cracked tooth treatment, it’s important to have a more detailed understanding of the types of dental cracks, their root causes, and the implications if left untreated.
Firstly, cracks can occur anywhere on a tooth, from the cusp (the top chewing surface) to the root (embedded in the bone). The position and extent of the crack play a significant role in determining the treatment pathway. For instance, if a crack reaches the tooth’s pulp (the tooth’s innermost part containing nerves and blood vessels), a root canal procedure might be necessary, as the tooth’s ‘nerve’ has been compromised.
Causes of Cracked Teeth
There are various reasons why a tooth might crack. One of the most common causes is the grinding of teeth. This typically happens during sleep, and the individual might be completely unaware of the habit. Known as bruxism, this can exert significant pressure on the teeth, leading to cracks over time.
A tooth can also crack due to trauma or injury. This might happen during a fall, an accident, or while playing contact sports. Sometimes, biting down on hard foods or objects can lead to a cracked tooth. This could be hard candy, ice, or even non-food items like pens or bottle tops.
Furthermore, a large dental filling that weakens the tooth’s structure can make it more susceptible to cracks. Age is another factor to consider. Our teeth undergo natural wear and tear as we age, increasing the risk of cracks.
Implications of Untreated Cracked Teeth
An untreated cracked tooth can lead to various complications. Pain is one of the most immediate and obvious issues. This could range from mild discomfort when eating or drinking to constant, throbbing pain.
If a cracked tooth is not treated promptly, the crack can progress and become larger. This can lead to worse dental issues, such as an infection in the tooth’s pulp. When the pulp becomes infected, it can form an abscess, which can be quite painful and even dangerous if the infection spreads.
A crack can also make a tooth more susceptible to decay. Food particles and bacteria can become captured in the crack, leading to tooth decay if not adequately cleaned. Over time, this decay can eat away at the tooth, resulting in a cavity.
The ultimate consequence of an untreated cracked tooth is the loss of the tooth. If a crack goes beyond the gum line, it can be challenging, if not impossible, to repair the tooth. In these cases, extraction may be the only solution.
The Role of Dental Technologies
Thanks to advances in dental technology, detecting and treating cracked teeth is becoming more accurate and efficient. For instance, transillumination, where a bright light is shone through the tooth, can help identify cracks that might not be visible on an X-ray or during a regular dental exam.
Dental bonding using composite resin has also become a popular treatment method for minor cracks. The resin, which can be colour-matched to the natural tooth, is applied to the crack and hardened using a special light. This effectively seals the crack and prevents it from spreading.
Dental crowns, often made from porcelain, ceramic or gold, are another solution for more significant cracks. A crown acts like a ‘cap’ for the tooth, protecting it from more damage and restoring its appearance and function.
While more invasive, root canal treatment can save a tooth if the crack has reached the pulp. The procedure involves excising the infected pulp, cleaning and disinfecting the canal, and, lastly, filling and sealing it.
Preventing Cracked Teeth
While treatment options for cracked teeth are available and continually improving, prevention is always better than cure. After all, many instances of cracked teeth are preventable with some simple steps and lifestyle modifications.
Regular dental check-ups are essential in preventing cracked teeth. These routine visits allow your dentist to detect early signs of teeth grinding or clenching that may lead to cracks. If identified early, preventative measures like using a night guard can be taken.
A well-balanced diet can also play a major role in maintaining good oral health and forestalling cracks. Foods rich in calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin C can strengthen your teeth and gums, making them more damage-resistant.
Practising good oral hygiene is another crucial preventative measure. Daily brushing and flossing can prevent tooth decay and gum disease, weakening teeth and making them more prone to cracking.
Avoiding hard foods and not using your teeth to open packages or bottles can prevent sudden pressure that leads to cracks. If you partake in contact sports, consider using a mouthguard to protect your teeth from potential trauma.
Following these tips can lessen your chances of experiencing a cracked tooth and the associated pain and treatment procedures.
Conclusion
The road to recovery from a cracked tooth can be smoother with prompt attention and professional treatment. Your smile is one of your most valuable assets – it’s essential to protect it by maintaining your oral health and seeking timely treatment when issues arise.
Remember that your dentist prioritises your oral health. They have the skills, knowledge, and tools to effectively address dental emergencies like a cracked tooth. So, contact us on (08) 7078 8263 today whether you’re experiencing pain or discomfort from a cracked tooth or simply due for a check-up. Don’t wait until it’s too late – book a consultation today, and let us help you restore your smile’s health and beauty.
References
Cracked Tooth (Fractured Tooth
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21628-fractured-tooth-cracked-tooth
Frontiers | Beneficial Effects of Vitamin C in Maintaining Optimal Oral Health
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.805809/full
Cracked Teeth | teeth.org.au
https://www.teeth.org.au/cracked-teeth